Computers are tools used to process the data according to the procedures that have been formulated. Computer word originally used to describe people whose jobs do arithmetic calculations, with or without hearing aids, but the meaning of the word is then transferred to the machine itself. Origins, processing information almost exclusively related to arithmetical problems, but modern computers are used for many tasks unrelated to mathematics.
Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce an information based programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse and printer. Without a computer printer can still do its job as a data processor, but merely looks at the screen is not in print form.
In such a definition is a tool such as slide rules, mechanical calculators types ranging from abacus and so on, until all the contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited to a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems."
Today, computers are increasingly sophisticated. However, before the computer is not small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are five generations in the history of computers.
1. The First Generation (1944-1959)
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Vacuum tubes as a signal amplifier, a characteristic of the first generation. At first, the vacuum tube (vacuum tube) is used as a component of a signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass, so much has drawbacks, such as: easy to break and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by another component that serves as a coolant.
And the presence of additional components, eventually your existing computer into a large, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the electronic computer in the world that first the ENIAC was completed. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point of requiring a separate classrooms.
ENIAC computer visible in the picture, which is the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2.4 M and require high electrical power 174 kilowatts.
2. Second Generation (1960-1964)
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Transistors are the hallmark of the second generation of computers. Raw material consists of three layers, namely: "basic", "collector" and "emmiter". Transistor is an acronym for Transfer Resistor, which means to affect the durability between two of the three layers, the power (resistor) which is the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the function of the transistor is a signal amplifier. As a solid component, tansistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not distribute the heat. And thus, existing computers become smaller and cheaper.
In the 1960s, IBM introduced a commercial computer that utilizes transistor and widespread use began to circulate in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial computer utilizing transistors. This computer is designed to solve all sorts of jobs whether they are scientific or commercial. Because of its speed and ability, causes the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers were: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
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The concept of getting smaller and more affordable than transistors, eventually spur people to continue to conduct various studies. Thousands transistor finally combined in the form of very small. Piece silicium Yag has successfully created a few millimeters in size, and is called an integrated circuit or IC-chip that is the hallmark of third generation computers. The magnetic ring can be in-magnetization one direction or the opposite, and finally downloading sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF" which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system that is needed by the computer. At every field there are 924 memory magnetic rings, each of which represent one bit of information. Millions of bits of information currently in the first single chip with a very small form.
Computer used for automation was first introduced in 1968 by PDC 808, which has a 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for core memory.
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
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Microprocessor is a typical computer chiri fourth generation which is compacting thousands of ICs into a Chip. Because the forms are getting smaller and the increasing capability and price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of the personal computer.
In 1971, Intel Corp. later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. Examples of this generation is the Apple I Computer developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs by inserting the microprocessor in a computer circuit board. In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with a Motorola 68000 processor types and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Apple II-e computers that use processor types 6502R and by 64 Kb Ram, also one of the PCs are very popular at the time. Operating System used is: CP / M 8 Bit. These computers are very popular in the early 80s.
IBM began issuing Personal Computer in around 1981, using MS-DOS Operating System 16 Bit. Due to the price offered is not much different from the other computer, in addition to the technology is much better as well as big names from IBM itself, then in a very short time, the computer is becoming very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (Now - Future)
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In this generation is characterized by the emergence: LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the advent of the microprocessor and semi-conductor. Companies that make the micro-processor include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others. In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 GHz. The images that appear to be smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving pictures also becomes faster.
Pentium-4 manufactured using 0:18 micron technology. With the increasingly smaller form resulting in power, current and voltage heat released is also getting smaller. With a faster processor cooler, can be produced MHz higher speeds. Owned speed is 20 times faster than a Pentium 3 generations.
Packard Bell iXtreme 4140i is one PC computer that had been used as a Pentium 4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB RDRAM memory, hard drive of 40 GB (1.5 GB is used for recovery), as well as GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB of memory. HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz. PC Pentium-4-Packard Hewllett is dating with predominantly black and gray. Compared to other PC, the Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM Memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with a monitor at 17 inches.
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